Therefore, a question has persisted amongst geomicrobiologists: What are the oldest chemical sedimentary rocks that contain prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms from the depositional environment? Additionally, eukaryotes in ancient halite have not been fully considered.
Because petrographic context has been overlooked in the documentation of prokaryotes in ancient halite, most of these studies have not proven that the identified prokaryotes are the same age as the host halite. However, limitations of these studies are that they (1) have focused on prokaryotes (2) have sampled either by bulk crushing or bulk dissolution or by extraction by syringe from individual large fluid inclusions of undetermined origin and/or (3) have analyzed secondary features such as cements on mine walls. Genus- and species-level identifications of prokaryotes have been made from ancient halite (as old as Permian e.g., Norton et al., 1993 Fish et al., 2002 Stan-Lotter et al., 2002 Vreeland et al., 2000 Thompson et al., 2021). Optical, chemical, and biological methods have documented microorganisms and organic compounds in fluid inclusions in halite and gypsum, most of which is modern or recent (e.g., Mormile et al., 2003 Schubert et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2010 Lowenstein et al., 2011 Conner and Benison, 2013 Winters et al., 2013 Benison, 2019). Microorganisms have been identified in modern and recent halite-precipitating waters (e.g., Oren, 2005 Zaikova et al., 2018).
!���o��0�Fª#��� �'�$ѣ�W=t��p�GÄkE5C ����M� d ���q^ns��W������.���.As halite (NaCl) grows from saline surface waters, primary fluid inclusions entrap parent waters, becoming microenvironments within the host crystal.
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